![]() One optical carrier serves as an optical local oscillator located at the transmitting site. Establishing a fiber-FSO-5G NR MMW/sub-THz communication system with a coherent comb source was also proven to be feasible 16. The electrically generated 5 G NR sub-THz signal arises from the beating between dual carriers after photodiode (PD) detection. It shows the prospect of 5 G applications aiming at dense/metropolitan and rural/suburban areas with high data rates.Ī previous study presented the feasibility of constructing a fiber-FSO-5G NR MMW/sub-THz communication system utilizing a parallel/orthogonally polarized dual-carrier scheme 15. A combined fiber/FSO communication system at MMW/sub-THz frequencies can provide 5 G applications not only in dense/metropolitan areas but also in rural/suburban areas. 1) shows the potential to provide high data rates. Accordingly, the transmission of MMW and sub-THz signals over combined fiber/FSO communication systems for long-haul wireline/wireless transmission (see Fig. ![]() Combining 5 G NR MMW/sub-THz communication, FSO communication at MMW/sub-THz frequencies will provide high data rates over long distances. It compensates for the high signal attenuation of 5 G NR MMW/sub-THz communication, thereby providing high-speed connections over long wireless distances 11, 12, 13, 14. Free-space optical (FSO) communication uses laser light to transmit optical signals wirelessly through the air. In rural/suburban districts, 5 G NR communication is not practical since it cannot transport signals over long distances. The 5 G NR communication limitations make it appropriate for dense/metropolitan districts. For 5 G NR communication, high signal attenuation greatly limits its transmission distance. However, 5 G NR communication faces an enormous challenge. 5 G new radio (NR) MMW/sub-THz communication is gaining increasing attention due to its potential for enabling 5 G NR communication with high data rates 8, 9, 10. With recent development in millimeter-wave (MMW) and sub-terahertz (sub-THz) devices, it is no surprise that academics are pushing 5 G applications to higher frequencies, principally the MMW and sub-THz frequencies 6, 7. Nevertheless, these innovative applications require higher data rates, faster connections, and less latency. Looking ahead, we are moving towards innovative applications, such as emergency communications, mixed reality, self-driving cars, unmanned aerial vehicles, and the Internet of Things 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
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